FORMATION: WATER TREATMENT

Water chemistry: properties and contaminants

• What do we find in water (chemistry, microbiology...) ?
• A few definitions: conductivity, TOC, pH, TH, biofilm

 Pharmaceutical industry needs

• Different levels of water quality (EP (European Pharmacopoeia); USP (United States Pharmacopeia))
• Matching water with production (PW, HPW, EPPI)?
• Choosing your normative references

 Water treatment and purification

• Pre-treatment: coagulation, flocculation, filtration, chlorination, dechlorination, iron removal, softening.
• Membrane separation
• Further treatments: UV, O3, 
• Ion Exchange (Resin types, regenerations, uses)
• Reverse Osmosis: principle, membranes, implementation
• Electrodeionisation
• Multiple effect or thermo-compression distillation

Distribution loop

• How to define a loop: from the user needs to the producer (flow, consumption, scheduling, recirculation, hot and cold loops, storage ...)
• Type of equipment used (tank, valves, pumps, pipes, online/offline heat exchangers, ...)
• Loop mechanics (pressure control, flow control)
• In-line measurements (flow, temperature, speed, Reynolds, TOC ...)
• Maintaining clean and bacteriological states: rouging, biofilm.